前两天自用的Arch Linux系统出了点小问题，索性重新搞了一下，由i686迁移到x86-64平台。原先一直以为64位系统是高不可攀的贵族产品，后来才知道原来64位处理器最早是由AMD 1999年设计，几年前的Intel Core Duo早已经支持64位系统，只是软件产品和内存还跟不上，所以多数应用还是32位为主。

OS版本用的是Arch Linux 2010.05，在mirrors.sohu.com上下载支持 32 位及 64 位架构的 Dual 映像，用UltraISO刻录硬盘镜像到U盘上。基本的安装过程不再赘述，ArchWiki Beginner's Guide讲的明明白白。唯一注意的是分区格式化的时候需要格外注意，不要把自己原先的系统搞丢——我曾经有过惨痛的教训，不过幸好那次做了数据备份。不过100G的东西备份还原也是件耗时耗力的工作啊^)^。

基本系统装好后，装个Desktop Environment，然后再做一下系统美化和针对小黑的特殊配置。过程还是挺繁琐的，因此写下来做个备忘。先上张图，KDE4.6——我承认我越来越浮云了……

最新的Xorg已经变得十分人性化，再也不需要手工配置恼人的xorg.conf，最新的Linux内核驱动也能自动识别鼠标和键盘，不会再出现进入图形界面却无法使用鼠标键盘的窘境——至少两年前是这样的。有个东西叫做HAL，最近又出来个evdev。总体而言Linux的驱动程序还是比较混乱的，hal、evdev、mesa、xorg、xf86、wayland、alsa、oss、pulseaudio等等，令人头大。

字体用的是AUR里面打过ubuntu补丁的cairo-ubuntu、libxft-cairo、freetyp2-ubuntu以及WenQuanYi Micro Hei，加上次像素优化，效果还是不错，上图就是最好的说明。

网络客户端抛弃了废柴的KDE的networkmanager，采用了wicd，可以根据地点自动链接不同的无线网，而且非常稳定，从不崩溃。安装过程可以参考ArchWiki Wicd。关于蓝牙的配置，我用的是bluez和bluedevel，具体可以参考这里。

剩下的都是小黑的特别配置。这方面的Wiki配置零零总总，并没有统一的解决方案。ThinkWiki是一个很好的去处，基本可以找到ThinkPad各个型号再主流Linux发行版上的安装配置。不过由此也看出开源软件的弊端——顶级的ThinkPad支持尚且如此繁琐，可见Linux真正要普及还有很长的路要走。废话少说，还是回到x201i上的设置吧。ThinkPad的设置主要有以下几处：

• 电池电源控制
• trackpoint小红点
• Active Protection System，硬盘保护系统
• 风扇控制

电池的电源控制主要是用来延长电池寿命的。电池的充电次数是有限的，因此减少电池的冲放电次数是演唱电池寿命的关键。tp_smapi是针对ThinkPad的一组内核模块，可以通过AUR(yaourt -S tp_smapi)安装。对电源的保护主要是设置电源的冲放电阀值。比如我们设置[start_charge=40, end_charge=90]，意思就是当电池的电量低于40%的时候才开始充电，而一旦电量到达90%的时候就停止充电。举例说明，当我们野外需要频繁的野外工作时，如果不设置电池的充放电阀值[start_charge, end_charge]，那么我们的电量可能是这样的：95(battery, discharge)-->80(AC power, charge)-->100(battery, discharge)-->70(AC power, charge)-->93(battery, discharge)-->70，而设置[start_charge=40, end_charge=90]后我们的电量变化就是这样的：95(battery, discharge)-->80(AC power, but not charge)-->80(battery, discharge)-->50(AC power, but still not charge since 50 >= 40)-->50(battery, discharge)-->27(If AC power now, charge, since 27 >= 40, charge until battery = 90)。看明白了吗？估计没有。反正我也有点晕。ArchWiki上提供了一个封装的脚本set_bat_thresh：

#!/bin/bash
#
# Bash script for setting the battery thresholds on ThinkPads using the tp_smapi interface.
# Written by Ignas Anikevicius (20/03/2010)

#HELP TEXT
if [ "x$1" == "x--help" -o "x$1" == "x-h" ]
then
  echo -e "
  WARNING!!! This script needs to be run as root in order to have effect!!!

  Possible options are:
    set_bat_thresh [BAT_N] [[LOWER] [UPPER]][--reset][-r] 
 
    [BAT_N] number of the battery (can be either 0 or 1). 

    LOWER - lower threshold.
    UPPER - upper threshold .
    [--reset] or [-r] sets the default thresholds. 

  execute to see this text:
    set_bat_thresh [--help][-h]
"
  exit 0
fi 

if [ ! -d /sys/devices/platform/smapi ]; then
  echo -e "\nSMAPI interface is NOT installed.\nPlease load the module.\n"
  exit 0; fi

#SETTING THRESHOLD VALUES
if [ "x$2" == "x--reset" -o "x$2" == "x-r" ]
then
  LOWER=96
  UPPER=100
else
  LOWER=$2
  UPPER=$3
fi

#VALUE TESTING
if [ ${LOWER} -ge ${UPPER} ]; then
  echo -e "\n  Please provide proper thresholds!!!  \n"
  exit 0
fi

#BATTERY NUMBER
BAT_N=$1
LOWER_F="/sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT${BAT_N}/start_charge_thresh"
UPPER_F="/sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT${BAT_N}/stop_charge_thresh"

#SETTING THE THRESHOLDS
echo ${LOWER} > ${LOWER_F}
echo ${UPPER} > ${UPPER_F} 

#ECHOING THE STUFF
echo -e "\nSetting battery thresholds for Battery ${BAT_N}:
  Threshold for charging to start: ${LOWER} 
  Threshold for charging to stop: ${UPPER} 
"
exit 0;

执行用：

set_bat_thresh 0 start_charge end_charge

至于trackpoint小红点，AUR里面有一个trackpoint脚本，用yaourt -S trackpoint安装，安装完毕将trackpoint加到/etc/rc.conf的DAEMONS里面。/etc/conf.d/trackpoint里面可以更改一些设置如：

• SPEED: 小红点光标移动速度。
• SENSITIVITY: 小红点敏感度。
• PRESS_TO_SELECT: 小红点单击功能。

中键模拟用如下的脚本设置下(我也忘了是从哪里找到的了)：

xinput set-int-prop "TPPS/2 IBM TrackPoint" "Evdev Wheel Emulation" 8 1
xinput set-int-prop "TPPS/2 IBM TrackPoint" "Evdev Wheel Emulation Button" 8 2

硬盘保护(Active Protection System)用的是AUR里面的HDAPS，参看ArchWiki，Applet用的是thinkhdaps，根据需要改下/etc/conf.d/hdapsd里面的设置，效果还不错，抱着笔记本在床上看电影的时候视频会一卡一卡的。

风扇控制貌似不太不要，而且设置不好会影响散热效果，降低笔记本的寿命。这个功能主要目的貌似是使笔记本更安静些。用的软件包是AUR里面的tpfand和tpfan-admin，tpfand.conf是copy来的，参考这里。用了之后好像也没啥特别的效果。

最后show下/etc/rc.conf里面的设置，日后重装的时候也好有个参考：

#
# /etc/rc.conf - Main Configuration for Arch Linux
#

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
# LOCALIZATION
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# LOCALE: available languages can be listed with the 'locale -a' command
# HARDWARECLOCK: set to "UTC" or "localtime", any other value will result
#   in the hardware clock being left untouched (useful for virtualization)
# TIMEZONE: timezones are found in /usr/share/zoneinfo
# KEYMAP: keymaps are found in /usr/share/kbd/keymaps
# CONSOLEFONT: found in /usr/share/kbd/consolefonts (only needed for non-US)
# CONSOLEMAP: found in /usr/share/kbd/consoletrans
# USECOLOR: use ANSI color sequences in startup messages
#
LOCALE="en_US.UTF-8"
HARDWARECLOCK="localtime"
TIMEZONE="Asia/Shanghai"
KEYMAP="us"
CONSOLEFONT=
CONSOLEMAP=
USECOLOR="yes"

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
# HARDWARE
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# MOD_AUTOLOAD: Allow autoloading of modules at boot and when needed
# MOD_BLACKLIST: Prevent udev from loading these modules
# MODULES: Modules to load at boot-up. Prefix with a ! to blacklist.
#
# NOTE: Use of 'MOD_BLACKLIST' is deprecated. Please use ! in the MODULES array.
#
MOD_AUTOLOAD="yes"
#MOD_BLACKLIST=() #deprecated
MODULES=(uinput tp_smapi thinkpad_acpi thinkpad_ec vboxdrv)

# Scan for LVM volume groups at startup, required if you use LVM
USELVM="no"

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
# NETWORKING
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# HOSTNAME: Hostname of machine. Should also be put in /etc/hosts
#
HOSTNAME="lox-pad"

# Use 'ifconfig -a' or 'ls /sys/class/net/' to see all available interfaces.
#
# Interfaces to start at boot-up (in this order)
# Declare each interface then list in INTERFACES
#   - prefix an entry in INTERFACES with a ! to disable it
#   - no hyphens in your interface names - Bash doesn't like it
# 
# DHCP:     Set your interface to "dhcp" (eth0="dhcp")
# Wireless: See network profiles below
#

#Static IP example
#eth0="eth0 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255"
eth0="dhcp"
INTERFACES=(!eth0)

# Routes to start at boot-up (in this order)
# Declare each route then list in ROUTES
#   - prefix an entry in ROUTES with a ! to disable it
#
gateway="default gw 192.168.0.1"
ROUTES=(!gateway)
 
# Enable these network profiles at boot-up.  These are only useful
# if you happen to need multiple network configurations (ie, laptop users)
#   - set to 'menu' to present a menu during boot-up (dialog package required)
#   - prefix an entry with a ! to disable it
#
# Network profiles are found in /etc/network.d
#
# This now requires the netcfg package
#
#NETWORKS=(main)

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
# DAEMONS
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Daemons to start at boot-up (in this order)
#   - prefix a daemon with a ! to disable it
#   - prefix a daemon with a @ to start it up in the background
#
DAEMONS=(@syslog-ng @dbus !hal !network !netfs @acpid @tpfand @crond @hdapsd @laptop-mode @wicd @kdm bluetooth @trackpoint)

大概就这么多吧。都是些琐碎的东西，能用就好了。想想Linux的东西变动如此之快，有些东西是真的不必深究的。比如关于中键模拟有上面的方案，也有改xorg.conf的方案。比如hal这个东西，再比如X Window和未来的Wayland，比如ext4和btrfs。想想自己走的也有些偏了，过于追求工具化的东西，倒是忽略了最本质的知识，如体系结构，算法等等。这就比如户外旅行，总是想方设法装一辆拉风的自行车，却很少去骑车领略旅行的真谛。四年，四年前的我还只会开机关机，四年后的我折腾系统小打小闹颇有一套，最本质的计算机基础却一塌糊涂。希望自己的折腾之旅到此位置吧。接下来的关键词是，lisp、tcp/ip，hadoop。

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